What is LPFM and Who Can Apply?
Low Power FM (LPFM) is an FCC broadcasting service that authorizes FM radio stations with a maximum power of 100 watts — enough to cover a 3–5 mile radius. Unlike full-power commercial stations, LPFM licenses are restricted to non-commercial entities: nonprofits, schools, churches, and community organizations.
The FCC periodically opens application windows for LPFM licenses — the most recent major window was in 2013, with periodic minor windows since. Staying plugged into the FCC's LPFM announcements page is essential.
You must be a non-profit organization based within 10 miles of the proposed transmitter site. For-profit entities, political parties, and individuals cannot hold LPFM licenses.
The FCC Application Process
Step 1: Form 318 — The Application
The FCC Form 318 is filed via the FCC's CORES/LMS system. You'll need your organization's FRN (FCC Registration Number), a proposed frequency, technical specifications for your transmitter and antenna, and proof of your nonprofit status (IRS determination letter).
Step 2: Engineering a Clear Frequency
Your proposed frequency must satisfy interference protection requirements for existing FM stations. The FCC's FM Query database and the Prometheus Radio Project's frequency finder are invaluable tools. You need to check for co-channel (same frequency) and first-adjacent (±0.2 MHz) conflicts within specific distance contours.
Quick Frequency Spacing Reference
LPFM stations must protect existing full-power and LP100 stations. If there's a station at 94.5 MHz within 60 miles, you cannot apply for 94.5, 94.3, or 94.7. The protected contour distances depend on the incumbent station's class (A, B, C) and can extend to 115 km for Class C stations.
Solar-Powered Transmitter Builds
Running a transmitter 24/7 on solar requires careful energy budgeting. A 100W LPFM transmitter actually draws about 180–220W including the audio processing chain. At that load, you'd need roughly 4–6 kWh/day to run continuously.